Accounting machine with means for handling positive and negative balances



1951 E. J. RABENDA 2,569,830

ACCOUNTING MACHINE WITH MEANS FOR HANDLING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE BALANCES Filed March 4, 1950 I 10 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR [DIV/4RD L/. RflBfND/J BY I ATTOR EY Oct. 2, 1951 J. RABENDA 2,569,830

E ACCOUNTING MACHINE WITH MEANS FOR HANDLING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE BALANCES 1O Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 4, 1950 NTOR [My d. RAM/VD? ATTORNEY Oct. 2, 1951 E. J. RABENDA 2,569,830

ACCOUNTING MACHINE WITH MEANS FOR HANDLING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE BALANCES l0 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed March 4, 1950 INVENTOR [DIV/2R0 J, R/JBENDA ATTORN Y Oct. 2, 1951 B D 2,569,830

ACCOUNTING MACHINE WITH MEANS FOR HANDLING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE BALANCES Filed March 4, 1950 10 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTCR [0mm J, MEMO/J 1951 E. J. RABENDA 2,569,830 ACCOUNTING MACHINE WITH MEANS FOR HANDLING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE BALANCES Filed March 4, 1950 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 AW 7 (f/05 INVENTOR 1951 E. J. RABENDA 2,569,830 ACCOUNTING MACHINE WITH MEANS FOR HANDLING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE BALANCES Filed March 4, 1950 10 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR [OW/7R0 J. fi/iBf/VDA T b' ZYZMAOW ATTORNEY 1951 E. J. RABENDA 2,569,830

ACCOUNTING MACHINE WITH MEANS FOR HANDLING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE BALANCES Q Ti TILZZZZZ'IIIIIIZIIJ l3 d Ef l j 1&3

14M 1/ m T 1/ 6/6 INVENTOR T 5 c [OM/P0 J. mama/a I Z0 iTTOR EY Oct, 2, 1951 E. J. RABENDA ACCOUNTING MACHINE WITH MEANS FOR HANDLING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE BALANCES Filed March 4, 1950 l0 Sheets-Sheet 9 2... Qw qn 2% zfi u b Q6 ATTORNEY E. J. CHINE WITH MEANS FOR HANDLING Oct. 2, 1951 RABENDA ACCOUNTING MA POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE BALANCES Filed March 4, 1950 l0 Sheets-Sheet 1O INVENTOR [DIV/9R0 J, llY/JBf/VDA BY f ATTORN Patented Oct. 2 1951 ACC QUNTIN G MACHINE WITH MEANS FOE HANDLING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE BAL- ANCES Edward J. Rabenda, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., assignor to International Business Machines Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application March 4, 1950, Serial No. 147,639

This invention relates to accounting machines and more particularly to the type which provides for printing of positive and negative balances as a true number whether such balances are positive or negative in character. I To better understand the nature of the present improvement it is explained that when an accumulator having electrical readouts is utilized to represent a positive balance or a negative balance the extreme highest order is usually reserved for 9s detection which would characterize a negative balance, such as -99834-, the true number balance being -00165-, or the nines complement of each digit. In the present machine the negative balance detection is divorced from this readout order and placed upon the customary 9s transfer contact. In the present machine the customary inversion relay is also utilized before reset of the accumulator to transmit nines complementary digits and is selected for operation by such 9s transfer contacts. This is the condition of the machine when arranged for Negative Balance ON. In this condition all orders of the accumulator may be used for receiving negative and positive amounts except the order at the extreme left. Thus, for a five order accumulator the number -99999- can be accumulated, which for a negative balance would be printed as a zero balance -00000- by the printing mechanism. Following balance printing operations, there is an automatic reset of the accumulator which brings all elements back to their reset position, and in the present machine is indicated by closure of all 9s transfer contacts and an accompanying "9 digit representation in each order of the readout.

When it is known in advance that the accumulation of additive and subtractive amounts will not result in a negative balance a feature of the present invention herein enables the machine to be conditioned for Negative Balance OFF and by a novel arrangement the maximum accumulating capacity for all orders is not only attained by enabling the order usually reserved for negative balance detection for accumulation of digits, but the inversion relay is selected for operation for printing a zero balance after reset of the accumulator. The latter operation is necessary because herein the accumulator orders reset to nine.

A still further feature of the invention is the attainment of the maximum accumulating capacitygof a predetermined number of accumulator orders by placing the selection of the inversion relay for zero balance printing before reset of the accumulator under control of all the 9 Claims. (01. 23561.8

' 9s transfer contacts of the accumulator, thus enabling all orders of the readout to be utilize for digit readout purposes.

Another feature of the invention relates to the automatic printing of a balance when the machine is conditioned for Negative Balance OFF and the balance results in zero, reflected by -99999- in all orders of the readout, and the closure of all 9s transfer contacts. This is especially usefulwhen it is desired to pass a series of cards through the machine which represent equality in positive and negative amounts to prove this zero balance. In other instances it may be desired to print such zero balancewhenever, unknown to the operator, such a bal-' ance may be reached. Hence, it will be seen that with the machine conditioned for Negative Balance ON the single 9s contact picks up the inversion relay before a total and reset operation (as well as after the first total and reset operation to print the zero balance) and for Negative Balance OFF all of the 9s transfer contacts pick up the inversion relay after a total and reset operation. These two differently timed controls by these 9s contacts enables not only the necessary operations for printing balances as a true number but by divorcement of these controls from the readout orders the maximum accumulating capacity of a predetermined number of accumulator orders may be attained in a Negative Balance OFF condition.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the following description and claims and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which disclose, by way of example, the principle of the invention and the best mode, which has been contemplated, of applying that principle.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation view of one order of the accumulator of a preferred form of ac cumulator with start and stop magnets and carry contacts.

Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation view of an accumulator wheel and associated clutch engaging mechanism.

Figs. 3a and 3b when assembled comprise a side elevational view of one order of the printing mechanism and also show the rotary translator. and the converter for converting combinational hole impulses derived from the accumulator readout to a differentially timed equipment.

Fig. 4 is a side elevational view showing the gearing for the drive shafts shown in Figs. 3a and 3b. 5

Figs. 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d when assembled side by side in the named order constitute the wiring diagram of the machine.

Figs. 6a and 6b constitute the timing diagram.

Additive and, subtractive entries The present improvement is preferably incorporated in an accounting machine of the record controlled type,

in which entries are made either additively or subtractively for positive or known types disclosed in the prior art. Since the a entering mechanism forms no part of the present invention and since any suitable type may be coordinated therewith it'is not. disclosed in detail; herein. Sufiiceit to say that the amounts are preferably represented upon'perforated rece ords, positive amounts 'beingentered additively, and specially designated records causing'negative amounts to be entered subtractively. In additive entering operations an accumulator clutchmagnet AM (Fig. 1) is energized at a differential time so that the associated accumulator wheel will be turned a number of steps commensurate with the digit represented in the related column of the record. A mechanical or electrical knockoff-is then operative to disengage the accumulatorclutch and'the wheel will have received the proper digit entry.

In subtracting operations a record which is to represent a negative, or subtractive amount, has a special hole at the X indexpoint position which causes a modification of the-entering circuits so that the amount is substractively entered. This principle of operation is well known. In the beginning of the cycle of the operation of the machine all of the advance magnets -AM (Fig; 1) are energized which will cause the engagement of all the accumulator clutches to cause the initiation of rotation of each of the accumulator Wheels. A differentially timed impulse is derived from the record according to the location of the perforation, which impulse then causes the energization of the stop magnet SM (Fig. l) of the related accumulator wheel. This will cause the disengagement of the accumulator clutch and the related accumulator wheel will now have received a nines complement digit entry.

Since subtraction is preferably effected in the basic machine by the complemental process, 1. e. by entry of the nines complement of each digit of the amount to be subtracted, it is necessary to effect, at times, the entry of a fugitive unit when the highest order wheel goes from 9-0. As is well known, the carry mechanism of this order is the instrumentality to cause the units carry in the units order at such times, thereby entering the fugitive unit. Since this arrangement is very well knownit is not shown or described herein and for a more complete understanding of the operation of this portion of the machine reference may be had to the patent to H. .S. Beattie, .No. 2,439,445.

The accumulator In Fig. l the driving shaft 1 I3 is suitably geared to the card, feed rollers so as to make one revolution for each cycleof operation. For each denominational order of the accumulator this shaft 1I3 has a gear 1M secured theretowhichdrives the adding clutch-mechanism: The accumulator and clutch driving mechanism is of the same construction as shown in Lake et al., Patent No. 2,328,653 and Daly, No. 2,377,762 and includes a ratchet 1I5 which is free on post 1 I6 and integral with a gear 1I1 driven by gear 1-14 .(Fig. 2). R0- tatably carried by post H6 is a disk having ten teeth 120a adapted to be engaged by a tooth -12Ia on the long arm of a clutch lever 12I to hold the disk against rotation in a counterclockwise direction.

At the side of disk 12B is a register or adding wheel 124 rotatable on post 116 and provided with ten peripheralnotches 124a. Wheel 124 may take any of ten rotative positions with the values 0, 1 9. A spring-pressed lever 125 engages with a notch 124aof wheel 124 to hold the wheel impositively and to center it in the value position into which it has been rotated. A transfer cam 126 is fixed to the side of wheel 124 and a stud 121 in wheel 124 extends through an opening in disk 12U..to pivotallycarry aclutchdog 130. A spring .I3I urges the tooth ofdog I 30 to engage ratchet 1I5. In the position shown in Fig, 1; the clutch lever 12I is in declutching position-fits tooth 12I is restraining rotation of disk 1:20 counterclockwise andzdog 130 is clear oiratchetlfi. The dog 133 is being held clear of the ratchet-by coaction of a pin 1301). on thedog with a cam edge 12ilbof disk 120.

When the clutch lever 12 I is, dropped toycause its tooth 'I2Ia to release the disk 12!] forcounterclockwise movement, the spring 13 I: is eflective; to rock the dog Ii-3t into engagement with :ratchet 1 I5. During this movement of the dog 130 its pin 1311b rides along the cam edge; 12% and cams the disk counterclockwise until-its. tooth 120a previously engaged by tooth 12Ia is to the right of the latter tooth. The parts are then in the clutching position shown in Fig.2, and the-register wheel 124 is coupled-to the driving device H5, H1 for rotation. Through engagementzof the pin 13% of the dog 130.- with cam edge 1201), the disk 1-20 is forced to rotate counterclockwise together with the register wheel.

When the clutch lever 12I is returned to upper declutching position, its tooth 12Ia intercepts a tooth 12311 :of disk 120 and stops the disk.v Register wheel 124 and .dog 13f} continue rotating while cam edge 12% of disk .120 cams the pin 13Gb outward-lyuntil it is again in its outer-position. As the pin 13% is cammed outwardly clutch dog 13?) moves clear of ratchet 1'I5 anddeclutchesthe register wheel from the driving means. The register wheel is then held and-centered in its new value positionby lever 125. A spring-urged latch 135 serves to hold lever -12I in either clutching or declutching position.

The clutch lever 12I has a short arm swiveledto the lower end of an armature 136 whichis disposedbetween an advance magnet AM and ..a stop magnet SM. Energization of magnet AM rocks armature 136 clockwise to lower lever HI, and energization of magnet SM rocks armature 136 counterclockwise to raise the lever 12I.

When the wheel 124 is in its 0, 1 8. posi-. tions, the cam 126.holds a carry. lever 131 pivoted at 138 inthe positionshown in Fig. 1, wherea contact. blade .139 (insulated from lever-131) takes a midposition between contact elements and 1. When the wheel is in.its..9 position a tooth on lever 131 is droppedinto a cut 126a of cam 126 and blade'139 contacts element 14I.' When the wheel 124 passes from the-9410 0 position a rise 126b-rockslever131 to--cause blade 139 to engage elemen-t140. whenthe-lever so rocked an arm 142 integral therewith is en-' gaged and held by-a spring-urged latch 1.43 which maintains the contact engagement between 139 and 140 until a pin 144 in gear "4 strikes an arm 145 integral with the latch 143 to release lever 142. The point in the cycle at which such unlatching occurs is indicated in the time chart. The accumulator. is also provided with a mechanical knockoff or declutching mechanism which comprises three pins l5l, "land 153 secured to the side of gearll4 and adapted during rotation of gear H 4 to ride in succession under an edge of clutch lever 12l Assume the clutch lever to be in lower position, when either pin TEL 152 or 153 engages lever-12! it cams it upwardly into the position of Fig. 1. The knockoff pins 15], I52 and 753 are effective atfixed points of the cycle as indicated. in the timing diagram of Fig. 6a.

Automatic group control circuit It is desirable that the record controlled machine in which the present invention is incor porated be provided with an automatic record group control device which is operative to automatically initiate a total taking operation (balance printing operation) in themannerto be subsequently described. To this end it preferable that such group control mechanism comprise the arrangement shown in the application of Edward J. Rabenda et al., Serial No. 49,256, filed September 14, 1948, now Patent No. 2,521,408, issued September 5, 1950.

As a result of a group change in numbers the minor relay MI (Fig. 5d) will be energized to close its MI-4 relay contacts. With such contacts closed a circuit is completed from the line side 6 l 5, CR48 cam contacts, MI-4 contacts, pickup coil P of PI relay, to line side BIB. The H coil of the Pl program relay is held energized through the Pl-l relay contacts, and CR50 cam contacts back to line side (H5. Said contacts Pl-I also shunt CCI relay coil across PIH holding coil, and thus CC! relay coil is held energized with the Pl program relay coil.

At the end of the cycle in which a change in group numbers is detected, cam contacts CR58 (Fig. 50,) close to complete a circuit from the line side 615, through relay contacts CCI|, STR

subtotal-reset relay to line side 6H5. Thus, from the timing of CR58 (Fig. 61)), it is evident that the STR, relay is held energized until about 275 of the next cycle, or the one in which a total or balance printing operation occurs. 'STR, relay closes the STRI, U, T, H, TH relay contacts (Figs. 5b, to connect all orders of the readout R0 with all the translator and converter magnets 86!. The circuits of the machine are now conditioned for printing a total or balance and for the present it will be assumed that such total is a positive balance which is the case where only additive amounts have been added, or in the event that subtraction has been performed, the added amounts are greater than the amounts which have been subtracted. This condition is known hereinafter as Negative Balance OFF. Total printing is under control of an electrical readout which is preferably constructed in the manner now to be described. Only four orders are shown to simplify the drawings.-

Total readout The accumulator shown herein is provided with an electrical total readout which may be of the form shown and described in the patents to C. D. Lake et al., No. 2,232,006 and No. 2,138,636 and G. F. Dali/.510. 2,377,762. since the construction of the electrical total readout is well known in the art it is only shown diagrammatically in the wiring diagram of Figs. 5b and 50. As shown therein rotatable with an accumulator wheel of each order is a brush 663 which makes contact with a common segment G62 and with one or another of the digit segments 66! according to the digit representation of the accumulator order. The same digit segments 66| are interconnected by wires 664, or they may be strips also engaged by brushes 663. The digit segments receive digit impulses 5, 3, 1, 0 transmitted by cam contacts CR91--CRID6 and according to the digit positions of each readout order, selected impulses 5, 3, 1, 0 are transmitted to a combinational code translator, and converted thereby to a decimal digit equivalent to select the digits to be printed.

Translator and total digit printing mechanism The present machine is provided with aprinting mechanism which is adapted to print the total or balance of amounts entered in an accumulator. As'will be clearer later on the total on the accumulator is not read out from the readout as decimal representations but by combinational coded representations which are translated to the decimal equivalents by a translator which will now be described. I

Reference character 822 (Fig. 3b, Fig. 4) represents a shaft which is rotated one revolution for each machine cycle. The customary shaft which drives the card feed mechanism is driven by shaft 822, and interposed between the card feed shaft and shaft 822 is the usual card feed clutch which is engaged by the energization of the usual CF clutch magnet (not shown). The card feed clutch is well known and CF magnet corresponds to card feed clutch magnet 48 of Fig. 6 of Patent No. 2,042,324.

There will now be described the translating or converting mechanism which converts the com binational digit representations transmitted under control of the readout to a decimal equivalent which is necessary to select digit type to print the digits of the total.

Cams 800A, 8003, 8060 and 800D (Fig. 3b) are driven by driving means to be subsequently described one revolution for each cycle of operation of the machine. It will be noted that these cams differ in their cam contours and the particular cam portion which is effective in each point of the operating cycle is shown in the timing diagram of Fig. 6a. Each of the cams is provided with cam heights which are identified by three dotted circles associated with the cam 805A, which circles are of three different diameters and repre sent the heights of the cam contours or Low, Medium and High. The corresponding designation is shown in the timing diagram of Fig. 6a for such cams to identify the particular cam portion effective in each point of the operating cycle. The cams 800A, 8003, 850C and 860D may for convenience in construction be extended longitudinally to provide fluted cam rods having the configuration and outline in Figs. 3a, 3b to cooperate with a plurality of orders.

Each cam 800 cooperates with a related releasing and blocking member 8). The reason that the member 8H1 is called a releasing member is that when elevated a predetermined distance by the Medium or High cam portion of the related cam 800 it will release the operating link 853 for movement but when in its normal lower position (due to the Low cam portion) it will block the link .883- against movement. Each member 810 is slidably mounted in a slot :8! of a. guide block '882 and is furtherguided by a rodllfi i whichreceives a guide slot 803 ofthe related member 8H3. Also pivoted on a rodlifiicarried. by the, block 882 is a latch pawl 888. .Interposed between the pawl808 andthe associated member. Sid is .a compression spring80l, the springlliil functioning to urge the member8l0 downwardly so as to always press against and contact with the cam contour of the related cam 808. Each-member 8!!) is provided with a shoulder 808 cooperating with a lugs-808 formed as an integral part of the link 883.

' Thelink 888, referring to Fig. 3a, is slidably mounted in guide slots formed in a support plate '8 to support the link 888 atone end andguide its movement, and referring to Fig. 3b the other end of the 1ink8'83 i'sdependently hung by arm 8J3, which arm has a cam follower extension 8l8. A compression spring 8M fitting in aspring support and guide block for arm el3 urges the link 863 to the left and when such spring is effective for action under control of a cam 825 it serves as the source of mechanical impulse transmittedto link 888 at a differential time to rock a clutch release arm 88? to engage a clutch to initiate rotation of a type wheel.

Recalling now that each cam 880 has cam contours of three diiierent heights, it should be observed that when member 8l0 is at a position determined by the low portion of the cam 800 the shoulder ans abuts 111g 809 to block the link 863 from movement to the left, urged by compression of the spring 8E4. In attempting to do so lug 809 will bear against the shoulder 88-3 and urge the member 8 l clockwise, which movement is restrained by the cooperation of an upstanding hooked portion 812 of member 8|!) against the latching end of the pawl 886. Assuming now that a cam has been rotated so that the Medium cam portion of the cam contour has raised the member 810, such diiference in cam height with respect to the Low cam height will elevate shoulder 888 slightly further above the related lug 809 and by the continued cooperation of the hooked extension 8|2 of the member 8I0 with the extremity of the pawl 888, clockwise movement of the pawl 8 i 8 will still be restrained.

Assuming now that the High cam portion has positioned the member 8!!) to its maximum height, the shoulder 888 will be still further above the lug 889 and the member 8! is now in such position that the compression spring 801 will be effective to rock the member 8I0 clockwise so that a hooked extension 8H2 will catch over the latch end of pawl 806, provided that at this time the pawl 808 is rocked counterclockwise due to the transmission of an impulse to magnet 861 at the time the member 8!!! is in its highest position. If the pawl 888 is not rocked slightly counterclockwise, no latching of the member 810 will take place. Summarizing, whenever the High portion of a cam has elevated a member'slfl to the highest position such member will be latched if the related pawl 888 is concurrently rocked to latching position. If there is no rocking of the pawl 808 at this time member 8! 0 will not be latched, and will be subsequently free to move up and down in accordance with the successive cam contour as the related cam 888 rotates.

The above description has been confined to the operation of the parts under control of the cam 800A but it should be noted that identical operations are effected under control of the remaining cams 808B, 800C and 888D. For this reason, ,the;description of operation need not be repeated for, duplicate parts. H V

For;the purpose of rocking the; pawls- 806 -to latch thosemembers 8 I0 which are at their highest position it will be seen that referring to Fig. 3b each translator control magnet 88! when energized attracts an armature 8| 5 and rocks the same so as to shift arelated connected link BIB to' the left. Extending from the link 8l8 are four integral extensionsMl, each of which coop-i erates with therelated pawl 808. The result of this'construction is that the impulse directed to the magnet 86lfwill shift the link 8|6 andyrockthe four pawls 808 concurrently but onlythat pawl 808 is effective for latching the related member 810 if the associated member 8l0 has been elevated to its highest position. Theree fore, one or more of the pawls 808 maybe rocked idly at the same time without latching theirelated members 8).

To prevent the armature 8|5 from sticking to the core of the magnet 88l due to residualmagnetism, it is desirable to provide means to positively restore the link M8 and armature M5 to normal by mechanical means timed with the rotation of the cams 888. To this end theretis provided a magnet knockoff cam 820 (Fig. 3a) notched as 'shown. A follower arm 82| of a clutch release arm 824 cooperating with the cam 820 has a depending arm 822 urged by a spring 823 against an upstanding finger of the link 818. At the time the magnet 88| is energized it will be observed that follower arm 82l cooperates with a notch 828a of the cam 820. Thereafter, such arm cooperates with the following cam portion 8201) to rock arm 82], link 816 and armature 8I5, restoring the armature 815 to normal if it shouldremain attracted to the core under the above circumstances.

Referring-now to Fig.- 6b, it is obvious that at the time the impulses 5, 3, 1, 0 are directed by cam contacts to be described to magnets 88!, one of the cams 800 will have its High portion in cooperation with the latching members 8|0.' For example, at the time the 5 impulse is directed, the High portion of cam 800A will be effective. At the time the 3 impulse is directed only cam 8003 will have a High portion effective at this time, For all of the electrical impulses 5, 3, 1, 0, this condition may be represented by the following table:

MEMBERS 8 l 0 IMPULSES LATCHED 5 8 10A 3 810B 1 8 l 0C 0 8 l 0D It is obvious from the above table that members 8l0 are latched singly or in predetermined combinations, according to the code so that at the termination of the transmission of the electrical impulses 5, 3, 1, 0 all or some of the members 810 will be latched, and others will not be latched and therefore free to be positioned according to the contour of their cams during their subsequent rotation. It is explained that once a member M0 is latched it is not free to thereafter move upwardly and downwardly in accord ance with the subsequent cam contour of the related cam, but remaining unlatched members 810 can do so.

Movement of the operating link 883 to the left during the time that the 5, 3, 1, 0 impulses are transmitted, which movement might be :per-' mitted if all of the four members 8H] for this order may be either latched or elevated so as to be above the lugs 889, is restrained by a cam portion 825a of cam 825 (Fig. 3b). This cam, through driving means to be subsequently explained, is driven synchronously with the cams 808 and 828 and cooperates with the follower extension 8l8 of arm 8l3. As shown in the timing diagram, during the transmission of 5, 3, 1, impulses, the High portion 825a of cam 825 will restrain movement of the operating link 863 to the left.

After latching of members 810 in predetermined combinations the contour of the cams 868A, 8083, 8800 and 800D which are thereafter effective will determine the time in the operating cycle that the operating link 863 will be moved to the left in a manner now to be described in detail:

After one or more members 8H] are latched in combination according to the impulses transmitted as indicated in the preceding table, the further rotations of the cams 800A, 888B, 888C, 888D will raise and lower the remaining unlatched members 8H! according to the cam contours of the respective cams, but during said further rotation of the cams the link 863 will be restrained against movement by one or more of such unlatched members until a point is reached in the operating cycle 'when the cams related to the unlatched members concurrently present cam operations of Medium height to the unlatched members. It will be recalled that since the latched members 818 are so positioned that they do not restrain the movement of the link 863 under the influence of the spring 8 and further the elevation of any unlatched member by a cam portion of Medium height will also unlock the link 863, it is obvious that when both of these conditions exist for four of the members Bill, the link 863 is then free to move under the influence of the spring 8M and earn 825. This will be made clear by reference to a particular example.

If, for example, the 5, 3, 0 impulses (representing 9) are transmitted under control of a readout order when it represents 9 members 810A, 818B and 8l0D are latched due to the High cam portions of their respective cams 800A, 800B and 808D and such latching of members 8I8A, 8l8B and 8WD is completed about 75 of the operating cycle (see Fig. 6a) At this time, the members 8|8A, 8MB and 818D are latched in the highest position so that they unlock the operating link 863 at such positions. However, cam 888C in its subsequent rotation continues to lower and raise the related unlatched member 8 I 00 and such unlatched member 8|8C will restrain the operating link 863 from movement until about 123 of the operating cycle, at which time cam 8880 through its Medium high cam portion shifts related latching members 8!!! to unlock the link 863. At this time cam follower extension 8|8 of the arm 8l3 will cooperate with the notch 82% designated-5, 3, 0 in both Fig. 3b and the timing diagram of Fig. 6a. Operating link 863 is now unlocked at four points and the movement of the link to the left is effected at about 123 by spring 8. The link will now operate the clutch release arm 861 and therefore engage a type selecting clutch to be described to initiate the rotation of the printing wheel 860 to select the numeral type 9.

Reverting now to Fig. 3b, when the operating link 863 is moved to the left to efiect the engagement of the type selecting clutch-the cam follower extension 8l8 is in the bottom of the notch 8251) of the cam disk 825 and further rotation of the cam 825 in a clockwise direction will, through the following inclined cam portion 825e, cooperate with the cam follower extension M8 to positively restore the operating link 863 to the right without, however, causing the unlatching of any latched member 8H1. At about 315 an extra High cam portion 825d will shift link 863 to the right beyond the normal position, and in so doing for those members 8H1 which have been latched lug 889 will engage the shoulder 823 of the respective member 8l8 to rock the same counterclockwise to unlatching position, spring being compressed during this operation to rock pawl 886 to normal position. With respect to any unlatched member 818, movement of the link 863 to the right at this time may also effect movement of such members 8! but the operation of such is ineffective.

While the operation of the machine has been described in connection with the manner of engaging the type Wheel clutch when the 5, 3, 0 impulses are transmitted, to select the 9 type when a readout order represents 9, the same principle of operation for effecting the above results is involved for other combinations of impulses as is evident from the following table:

It will be recognized from this table that the concurrent position of cams 808 at a Medium height cam portion for those cams which have not previously latched members 8lll will determine the time the mechanical impulse is transmitted.

The mechanical impulse transmitted to link 863 causes the engagement of a clutch to rotate a printing wheel 868 to a selected digit position.

When the clutch is engaged it is driven by a shaft 839, rotated by means to be later described.

For each printing order there is pivoted on a rod 866 a triple arm member consisting of arms 864, 865 and a clutch release arm 861.

Shaft 839 has secured thereto a tube 868 which is fluted transversely along its periphery to provide clutch notches 869. Tube 8 68 constitutes the driving clutch member. Encircling the clutch tube 868 is a plurality of gears 818, there being one gear for eachorder of the printing mechanism. For mounting the gears 810 on the clutch tube '868 each gear has integral therewith a flange 812. To provide for the lateral spacing between the gears 810 the gears are guided by guide slots 8' formed in guide blocks 813 and 814. By such spacing members the gears 81!] are separated to allow independent rotation and to also locate a clutch pawl 816 which is pivoted on the related gear to cooperate with the clutch release arm 861. The clutch release arm 86'! normally holds the clutch pawl 816 in such position that its tooth 811 is out of engagement with any of the clutch notches 869 of the clutch tube 868. When the clutch release arm 86'! is rocked as a result of the actuation of th opera-ting link 863rat adifferem :tial time, the clutch is engaged because a spring 818 attached to. clutch. pawl 818 will: rock the latter in orderthat the clutch tooth :81] will engage a clutch notch 889 determined by the differential time the operating linki863 is actuated.

The-above described clutch is the printing type selecting clutch and causesthe differential rotation of the printing wheel 868, sinc the gear 818 and the printing teeth of the typecarrying wheel 868 are intergeared.

Figs. 3a and 312 show. the arrangement of the total-digit printing devices'for a single order and themachine is preferably provided with duplicate devices for printing a plurality ofv digits of the total.

the printing wheel '86!) from a rest position necessary to select a numeral type. After the .pre-

determined extent of rotation of the printing wheel 888 has been effected and the printing impression has been eifected,with-thetype selecting clutch still engaged, the printing wheel 888 will continue to rotateuntil thefree end of the clutch pawl 816 strikes the clutch release arm 881 which, in the meantime, has been brought to its normal position, by means of a compressionspring 819 (Fig, 3a). When such disengagement is effected the printingwheel 868 is at the normal position shown in Fig-3a.

Each printin -wh el 860 is carri y an arm 88] loosely pivoted upon a, rod 882-and provided with a, rearwardlyextending fol-lower extension 884 which is operated by a. cam projection 8-83 of a cam disk :885 which constitutes a driven member of a printing clutch.

Shaft, 838 rotates a clutch tube-888 fixed thereto and likewise en cling- .the .o lutch tube888is the driven clutch mounteda clutch pawl 8-81. Clutch disk 885 and parts carried therebyare, guidedsimilarly to gear 818. Associatedwith the clutch pawl, 881 is a clutch release arm 888. When: the clutch engagement is effected-between the clutch pawl 881 and one of the clutch notches of the clutch tube 886', the disk 8,85will be rotated in a clockwise direction, whereby the camprojection 883 will cooperate with the follower extension 884 to rock arm 88! about. the rod 882 against the action of, the return spring 888. The engagement of the clutch now being described is effected when the printing control. magnet 8 e ch order is .again energized for-numeralprinting by an N impulse.

When the printing; clutch; engagement has been effected, each cam 8-85 will cooperate with the related follower extension 884 to rock the associated printing arm 88! to force the printing wheel 860 against the usual inking ribbon and platen 890 around which platen is positioned the paper strip. to be imprinted. As each arm 881 is rocked against the action of the spring 889, the

' printing wheel 888 is being rotated counterclockwise but since the printing wheel isnowrolling Q85; upon which is pivotally over the gear 818 this rolling action will. cause an equal and simultaneous rotation in a clock wise direction. Both of these opposite rotations will, in effect, cause the printing wheel to be substantially. immobile with respect to its rotation when it moves to the right to strike the platen 898, the type striking the platen squarely and firmlyto cause a legible impression.

After the printing operation, when cam extension 8880f the cam disk 885 passes by the follower extension 8-84, spring 889 will now be effective to return the type wheel carrying arm 88! vto normal position and. the extension 884 now bears against the circular peripheral edge of the cam disk=885.

After the printing operation, since the typeselecting clutch is still engaged, the printing wheel 1850 continues to rotate as previously stateduntil the clutch pawl 816 strikes the clutch releas arm 861 which,,in the meantime, has been positioned to normal, thereby disengaging the type selecting clutch when the printing wheels are at normal position.

The printing clutch continues its engagement for a complete rotation of the cam 885 and the clutch disengagement is effected by the engagement of the clutch pawlv 881 with the clutch release arm 8%.

As the-free end of the clutch pawl 81'6 strikes the clutch arm 851 there is a, tendency to cause the gear 818 to rebound counterclockwise. This action is prevented by the cooperation of a springpressed detent 896 with a shoulder 891 of'a plate .888 secured to each gear 818. When the normal position of the clutch is obtained, the detent 888 will engage the shoulder 891 to prevent such rebound and retain the clutch parts in their normal position.

A somewhat similar rebound preventing mechanism is also provided for the printing clutch which consists of a spring-pressed detent 891 ccoperating with the shoulder 899 of the cam disk Upon the transmission of said N impulse, by a circuit to be described, the second energization of the magnet 86! again attracts its armature H5 and shifts link 8l6. The latter thereupon rocks clutch release arm 824 to unlatch the clutch release arm 888, of the printing clutch. At this time a low portion 8280 (see Figs. 3a and 6a) of a cam 828 cooperates with the cam follower extension 82! so as not to restrain the rocking of clutch release arm 824. When the clutch release arm 888 is unlatched a depending extension 821 moves in a clearance portion 826 of said arm 824. Cam disk 885 will now rotate counterclockwise and the cam extension 883 will strike the follower extension 884 at the time the selected numeral type is at the printing line to effect the printing impression.

It is undesirable to have the clutch release arm 888 released whenever link 816 is rocked the first time to rock arm 824 to engage the printing wheel clutch and during this time a high portion 831a of cam 831 cooperates with arm 888 to block it against movement to release the printing clutch. When the N pulse is transmitted as will be later described the low portion of cam 831D will cooperate with clutch release arm 888 to permit its rocking to engage the printing clutch. After this the cam rise 831c of cam 831 will function to positively retract the clutch release arm 888 to normal position to cause disengagement of the clutch release pawl 881 after a completerevolution of; the. printing clutch .At

.ating cycle.

13 the termination of the operating cycle a cam rise 828d of cam 828 functions to rock the clutch release arm 824 clockwise to again position it beneath the extension 821 of the clutch release arm 888, which previously has been elevated to the position shown in Fig. 3a. The cam rise 828d also shifts link 8I6 to restore armature 8I5 to normal if it should stick to the core of magnet 86L Gear drive for printer In Fig. 4 reference numeral 838 designates the printing impression drive shaft which is driven at a uniform speed of rotation for each cycle of the operation of the machine. The drive shaft 822 has secured thereto a gear 840 which drives a gear 9 secured to the printing impression drive shaft 838 to rotate the latter at a uniform speed ofrotation of one and a half revolutions for each revolution of drive shaft 822.

Shaft 839 represents the type selecting drive shaft which rotates 2 revolutions for each oper- The shaft 839 is driven at times with a uniform speed of rotation synchronous with the drive shaft, but at other times the speed of rotation given to shaft 839 is decreased or increased with respect to drive shaft 838, in order to select the desired alphabet type of a selected group of alphabet type. This means to effect the variable drive of shaft 839 is disclosed in full detail in Patent No. 2,439,445, issued to H. S. Beattie, and since the alphabet printing is of no concern here it need not be described to understand the present invention. With such variable speed drive the shaft 839 will rotate the type wheel at a decreased speed to present the selected numeral type to the platen at about 330 of the cycle, at which time the previously clutched print ing cam 885 will have its cam projection 883 in position 'to strike the projection 884 to impress the selected numeral type against the platen 890. p The machine includes a driving means driven by the shaft 822 for rotating the cams 888A,

8003, 8880 and 880D, 828, 825,831 and 881 in synchronous relationship and such cams are driven one complete revolution for each operating cycle. I

The driving means for driving cams 888A, 8803,

.8880 and 888D will now be described. Secured to shaft 822 is a gear I848 (Fig. 4) which, through a gear I 84I, drives a gear I042 secured to the 'drive shaft I843 for the cam 888D. Shaft 822 is extended to directly drive the cam 8080. Re-

ferring to Fig. 4, gear I048 through a gear I844 drives a gear I845 secured to the drive shaft I846 for cam 8888. Gear I845, through an idler gear I041, drives a gear I048 secured to the drive shaft I049 for the cam 800A. By such driving Gear I858 also meshes with a gear I 054 secured to a shaft I055 to which shaft the cam828 is secured.

Also referring to Fig. 4 to drive shaft 838 there is secured a gear I858 which meshes with a larger gear I85! secured to a shaft 858 to which shaft the cam 83! is secured.

Thus, through the intergearing last described,

''the operating cams 828, 825 and 83'! are driven .synchronously with the operating cams 888A, ;888B, 888C and 888D.

14 Other relays for conditioningmachine for total printing and accumulator reset operations These relays are LC, S-, FCC and RN relays and the energizing circuits thereof will be explained as their requirement is needed for the description of the operation of the machine.

At the end of the cycle in which a group number change has been detected CRI I9 (Fig. 5a) cam contacts close to complete a circuit from line side 6I5, cam contacts CRI I9, STR2 relay contacts now closed, S- relay coil to line side 6I6, CRI I9 cam contacts keep S- relay closed until about 275 of the cycle during which a total prints ing and reset occurs. The S- relay closes its S-I relay contacts, completing a circuit when CRI22 cam contacts close between 0-78 of the total printing and reset cycle from line side 8I5, cam contacts CRI22, STRI relay contacts now closed, S-I relay contacts now closed, LC relay, to line side 8 I6.

With LC energized total printing takes place in the following manner:

Total printing control circuits Total printing in the present machine is performed under control of the total readout in conjunction with the combinational code translator described in the section designated Translator and total digit printing mechanism which converts the combinational impulse reading derived from the readout sections of the accumulator toa single digit differentially timed equivalent to thereby select a corresponding digit type.

Each readout section comprises, as previously described, a series of digit contact points 68I (Figs. 5b and 50), a common contact segment 662 and a brush 663 which takes digit positions ac,- cording to the digit representation of the accumlator order. For simplicity the readouts are shown at digit representing positions which represent a total of -0044. The contact points I of like digit values are interconnected by digit impulse transmitting wires 664. In circuit connection with the digit wires 664 marked 9-0 are cam contacts CR9! to CRI86, inclusive. These cam contacts transmit combinations of impulses 5, 3, l, 0 marked alongside of the contacts in Fig. 5a and the timing of the 5, 3, l, 0 impulses of such contacts is shown in Fig. 622 but the timing for each individual cam contact CR8'ICRI86 is not shown. Thus, according to the digit representation of the accumulator readout, combinations of impulses 5, 3, 1, 0 are transmitted. For example, if the brush 863 of a readout order is a 9, the cam contacts CR9! close at times to transmit digit impulses 5, 3, 0. CR98 transmits impulses 5, 3, CR99,

, 5, 1, 0, etc., all as designated on the wiring diator respective plug connections 68! are made between plug sockets 686 and plug sockets 888. It should also be noted that during 0-90 of the first part of the cycle when cam contacts CR91I06 transmit impulses 5, 3, 0, the LC and STR relays are energized.

' Continuing now with the units order, impulses are directed by the related plug connection .861,

emazaao mug socket .568 =.(Fig. :50), through vRQC-U (relay contacts new normal, .RNU.-contactsnow-normal, translator control magnetfifilof the units order, to'jline'lilt. 'Thismagnet receives the impulses 3,10 and as previously described the translator converts the combination of impulses to a l-"digit equivalent to cause the engagement of the'type wheel clutch to'initiate the rotation ,of the printing wheel to the 4 digit position. Thus, in each order the combinational impulses 5, '3, 1, are selected "by the readoutfor transmission to the code translatorand conversion to a diiferentia'lly timed digit equivalent. When all printing wheels 86.0 (Fig. 3a) are at'their digit positions printing is ,effectediby transmission of an impulse at the Ntime.

Referring to Fig. 61) at 165 of the cycle cam contacts CRI'! close to pick up the SEN relay'by an obvious circuit (see Fig. 5a). The RN relay transfers the RNU, T, H, TH contacts (Fig. so thata second impulse isdirected to alLorders ol' the'translator control magnets'BBI :by a.circuit from line 6I5, cam contacts CR'SO, the U, T, H, THrelay contacts of .RN relay'now transferred, to the respective translator control magnet 85], to line side-M5.

' Thus, printing of thedigits ofthe .total occurs. .Of course, for left-hand orders of the readout representing atotal .digit of 0 the customary zero .elimination arrangement prevents printing of such unnecessary zeros. Such feature is not shown herein as .it is well .known in the art.

,c'ircuits toeflect resetting. of accumulator The resetting of the accumulator occurs in the same .cycle that the total is printed .but during the latter part thereof .and utilizes differentially timed .electrical stop impulses derived from the translator. The start impulses are-directed to -each.star-t magnet of the accumulator .to rotate the accumulator .wheel in the additive .direction ,from its digitposition-to the reset position, which, ,in the present'machine, is the digit -9 iDOsition. IIhe stop impulses derived from the-translator are directed at such times that the .9 complement .=,of the digit standing on the accumulator .wheel is .additively entered to thereby bring each wheel .1509.

.It .is preferable to derive the stop impulses under control of the typewheel clutches, each .of

.which it will .be recalled. is engaged .under control .of thecombinational impulsetranslator, .so that .the engagement of the printing wheel .clutch .to rotate the printing wheel to a selecteddigit position is concurrent with .the transmission of the stop impulse sent to .the stop magnet. Reverting .to .Eigs. .3a..and .3?) it will .be recalled that the combinational .code translator causes .a movement of the linktfis .at differential points in the cycle, as is indicated in Fig. .6a. This causes the engagement of the printing wheel .clutch .at .a differential time and after the engagement is effected type wheel contacts .512 .(Fig. .311.) .are closed at differential points in the cycle to trans- .mit a stop impulse tothe accumulator. stop magnet .SM .of the .same order.

Referring to Fig. 3a the plate -898 has -an iniclined cam edge 610 which cooperates with and rocks the double arm 896-shortly after the clutch -.eng agement has been eflected. The lower -:arm $11 .of double arm .896 bears-against the top blade of contacts 612. Thus, it is evident that after :the engagement .of :the accumulator wheel .clutch :thessligh-t clockwise movement :oflfiortble 1.6 .896 will close (contacts '6". closure occurs, of course, after-the clutch has been-en- .gaged and the times that contactsfilZ-areclosed to transmit diiierentially timed impulses-09.-a-re shown in Fig. 6a.

.iBefore the circuits for transmittingthe stop impulses are explained, the impulsing circuits for energizing the start magnets SM :of all denominational orders will first be described. Referring to Fig. 511, it will be recalled that the S- relay is picked -.up.-.at the last part of the cycle in which a group number change has been detected and CRHS cam contacts maintain "the energization of this relay during the totalprinting and reset cycle up to about 275. There fore, referring to Fig. 5a, when CR3'5 cam contacts close at about 140 of the cycle a circuit is closed from the line side B15, :cam contacts CRBS, STR3 relay contacts now closed, through the 'S, U, T,.H, TH relay contacts now closed (Fig. 5b)., to each of the AM start magnets of the "four denominational orders of the accumulator shown herein, to line side '6l6. will cause the engagement of all accumulator wheel clutches and if any accumulator wheel .stands at any other digit position than 9 the rotation of said accumulator wheel will beinitiated 'to bring it by a movement which is the complement of the digit on the wheel to a 9.digit reset position.

During the rotation .of the accumulator wheels stop impulses are directed to the SM stop magnets by .a circuit now .to be described. By an obvious circuit .shown in Fig. 5a, when .0815 cam contacts close between 100-3l5 of each .cy- .cle the PCC relay is energized to transfer its U, T, Hand TH relay contacts. The stop impulse circuitis from the line 6L5, through cam contacts .CRBZ (Fig. 50) which are closed between 116 and 273 during the differential times that the type wheel contacts 612 areclosed,

thence through the respective U, T, H or relay contact of the PCC relay now transferred, to the plug socket668, related plug connection 661, plug socket 16166, through the respective U, T, H and TH relay contacts of the .LC relaynow deenergized, to each SM stop magnet, .to line 6 .6.

Recalling that it was assumed that the accumulator represented 0044, with the brush 66.3 standing at the 4digit position the contacts 612 of this order will be closed at 225. However, the start impulse directed by CR cam contacts will have moved the accumulator wheel from 4 to 9 or five steps at the time that the stop magnet SM receives the impulse from the ype wheel contacts 612. Thus, the accumulator wheel will be stopped at the 9 digit position. The operation is the same for the tens order where 4 was assumed to be .thetotaldigit representation in this order. However, for the hundreds and thousands orders it was assumed that .0 is represented in each order, which is indicative of a positive or debit balance. The

.start impulse to the start magnets AM of such orders will initiate the 9 steps of movement. The printing wheel clutch is engaged to rotate print wheel 8.5.0 counterclockwise at about :the

.same time that the print wheel arm 88I is rocked to rotate print wheel-860 clockwise, as a result of the N printing impulse. This will cause the printing from the '0 digit type. Engagement of theprin-ting wheel clutch causes a :later closure .of nontants 67,2 sending .a stop impulse ito thefiM magnet after the accumulator wheel 'hasrrotated 17 nine steps to bring the wheel to the 9 digit position.

If a wheel stands at 9 the closure of contacts 612 to send a stop impulse at about 140 after the print wheel clutch is engaged to select the 9 type is coincident with or slightly earlier than the start impulse transmitted to the AM magnet by CR85 cam contacts. This prevents engagement of the clutch and the wheel remains at 9.

Automatic total printing cycle after resetting the accumulator It has just been described how total printing is effected from the accumulator followed by a resetting of the accumulator in the same cycle. It is desirable to have this operation followed by another total printing cycle after reset to show and prove that the accumulator has been brought to a reset position. By any suitable program means the second printing cycle may be performed automatically and then terminated. A preferred form of'program initiating means is shown in the circuit diagram.

It will be recalled that as a result of a minor group change the minor total taking relay closes the MI-4 contacts (Fig. d) so that when the CRAB transmits an impulse the Pl relay is energized and held energized through CRSll cam con-- tacts. The CCI relay is also energized. Before CR50 cam contacts open during the total printing and reset cycle CR4'I cam contacts close so as to complete a circuit from the line side 6 I 5, through cam contacts CR, relay contacts Pl2 now closed, the pickup coil of the P2 program relay to the line side Elli. P2 is also held energized through the P2--| stickcontacts and cam contacts CRSU. During this cycle CR4! cam contacts close before P2 relay is deenergized to complete a circuit from line side 615, throughCRfl cam contacts P22 relay contacts now closed to the pickup coil of P3 relay to the line side 5| 6. The P3 relay is held energized through the P3--I stick contacts and CR5!) cam contacts. P3l contacts also pick up the CO2 relay and the latter is held energized to automatically effect, another total printing cycle. In Fig. 5a it will be seen that the CC2 relay closes the CC2-I contacts, thereby picking up the STR relay which performs the total and reset, operation previously described.

It is explained that the complementary movement given to each accumulator wheel to bring it to a reset position also moves readout brush 663 of the same order a corresponding extent so that if the accumulator wheel comes to the reset or-9 digit position the brush 663 will, of course, also come to the 9 digit position, resting on the 9 segment I, and the units carry control con tacts 139 and MI (Fig. 5b) will be in contact with each other in each order. Understanding now that in this particular accumulator arrangement a reset position of all orders of the accumulator is reflected by the setting of brushes 663 on the 9 digit contacts, it will be obvious that if a total was taken with the readout setting at 9s in all orders, the total that would be printed by the printing mechanism after a reset of the accumulator would be a series of 9 digits, which is incorrect. Accordin l switching devices are interposed between the wires 6H and cam contacts CR9'ICRI06 so as to transmit impulses which been entered but if subtractive items are also A V chine is conditioned for Negative Balance OFF" .70 will transmit 9's complementary impulses, and in 1 through HS-74! contactsfor all which is effected by a plug connection 620 (Fig. This plug connection enable the testing of all accumulator orders for 9s to accordingly prove a zero condition after reset. This arrange- A ment also enables the use of the highest order wheel for accumulating the digits entered in this order and thus enables the maximum accumulating capacity of the accumulator. It should benoted that for Negative Balance OFF conditions the readout of this order is not utilized to detect a zero balance (or 9 digit representation in each order) since it is transferred to the transfer contacts 139-l4l of all orders. This detection is effected bya circuit from the line side Gl5, through cam contacts CRBZ (Fig. 5a) serially orders, wire BIS (Figs. 5c, 5d), plug connection 620, wire 622 to the, pickup coil of the INV-R relay to the line side 6 I 6. The INV relay is held energized through the INVR.I relay contacts and cam contacts CR69 to line side 6l5. If all of the accumulator elements have come to a 9 reset digit position this circuit will be completed and the INV-R relay (Fig. 50) will be held energized through the following total taking cycle after reset.

Referring now to Fig. 5b the INVR relay closes the a, b, 0-7 contacts so as to change the relationship between cam contacts CRiil-CRIOB and the wires 66l of the readout. This change in relationship is efiected by the inversion wiring 623 so arranged that 9s complementary impulses are transmitted. Assuming now that all orders of the accumulator have come to the 9 digit representing position, the CRIOG cam contacts will transmit a 0 impulse through the INV-R7 relay contacts and wire '6237' to the 9 digit wire 66L Hence, such 0 impulse will be transmitted to the translator and converting mechanism which will result in the printing of the digits 0 in each order.

After the zero condition proving printing operation a reset operation will be performed but since all of the readout orders now stand at 9 there will be no engagement of the accumulator clutches, and the accumulator wheels will remain at 9, as has previously been described.

Summarizing, the Negative Balance OFF feature enables the maximum accumulating capacity of an accumulator group to be utilized, and because the accumulator readout orders reset to 9 digit position the selection of the inversion relay to prove the reset condition of the accumulator after a reset is placed under control of the transfer contacts, thus freeing the highest order accumulating position so that true figures including up to 9 in that position can be accumulated. Thus, an accumulator havin four denominational positions can accumulate a total representing up to 9998. After a reset operation it will represent -9999-, proving a zero condition, and -0000- will be printed due to the function of the inversion control relay INV-R.

Negative balance ON The Negative Balance ON condition of the machine is used when the entry of additive and subtractive items would result in a negative balance which is indicated by a 9 digit position in the highest denominational order. The highest denominational order of the accumulator is reserved for this detection but the indication of a nines complement is signified by the closure of contacts 139-141, associated with the highest denominational order. Because a negative balance is represented by the nines complement of the true digits, the inversion relay is selected for operation before a reset operation under control of the contacts 739-741 of that order. For a Negative Balance O-N condition the plug connection 620 is removed and a plug connection 625 (Fig. 5d) is made.

' Upon a change in group numbers an automatic total taking operation ensues, as previously described, which results in the energization of the CC! relay to initiate an automatic total printing and reset operation. At the end of the cycle in which a group numberchange is detected, cam contacts CRilZ close, thereby closing the circuit from the line 6l'5, contacts CRGZ, transfer contacts T39MI of the highest denominational order, wire 62? (Figs. 5b, 5c, 5d) to the Negative Balance ON plug socket, said plug connection 625, wire 622, the pickup coil of the INVR relay to the lineside GIS. Hence, in taking a total from the accumulator which represents a negative balance, the energization of the inversion relay INVR will cause nines complementary impulses of the digit reading on the readout R to be transmitted to the translator control mag-- nets 86!. This inversion causes the selection of the digits on the printing Wheel which are the nines complement of the digit standing on the readout, thereby printing the true digits of the negative total. For example, if the negative balance was represented on the readout as 9821 thenines complementary digit of each digit of the negative balance would be printed as 017 8-.

Following the true digit balance printing or" a negative balance there will be a reset of the accumulator in the manner previously described, resulting in the reset in each order of the readout anda'ccumulator to the 9 digit position.

Also in the manner previously described, there will bea following total printing cycle after reset and" since all readout orders are at 9 the balance will be printed as -0000-, thereby proving a zero condition. In this operation contacts 139i4l of the highest order will again select the inversion relay INV-R for operation.

Automatic total printing with negative balance ON condition It is explained that it is not necessary in the present machine to effect printing of a negative balance as a true number until there is a group control change because late in each cycle CR62 cam contacts determine whether a subtracted amount changes a balance from positive to negative. If it finds this to be so the impulse will be directed from wire 621, to the conversion relay INVR. through plug wire 625 and also by a plug wire 628 (Fig. d), wire 63!, the pickup coil of the Pl relay, to the line side BIS; thus the program will be automatically initiated by the negative belance condition of the accumulator, and the negative balance converted to a true number. It is understood, of course, that this is an alternative control replacin the one effected by a group number change.

Automatic total printing with negative balance OFF conditions By conditioning the machine in a certain manner it is also not necessary to wait for a group control change to print a total when the machine is conditioned for Negative Balance OFF and a zero balance is ascertained. It is desirable that when the accumulator comes to a zero balance condition (when the accumulator represents -99999-) there be an automatic taking of such balance and then a reset of the accumulator. To this end a plug connection 630 is'made. The CRtZ cam contacts test in eachcycle the position of the transfer contacts 139-? for all denominational orders and ifyatany time, the accumulator represents -9999- after the entered positive and negative amounts, the impulse is directed through all the contacts l39-l4l in serial order, to the wire 6L9, plug connection 620 to the INVR relay, and also by a plug wire connection 630, wire 63], to the Pl relay. This, as previously described, will initiate a total printing and reset cycle and since the inversion relay INV--R. is now energized the zero balance will be printed as -00 00-. If the'machine is conditioned to effect a subsequent total printing cycle after reset to prove a zero condition, it will be merely a repetition of the operations in the previous cycle. I v

While there have been shown and described and pointed out the fundamental novel features of the invention, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of, the device illustrated and in its operation may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is the intention, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In an adding and subtracting accounting machine, an accumulator wherein negative amounts are adapted to be entered as complements and additive amounts as true digits and said accumulator represents by a 9 in the high est denominational order a negative balancecone dition when negativeamounts exceed the additive amounts numerically, printing means, total taking means including conversion means associatedwith said accumulator ,for converting. the negative balance amount to true. digit represene tations and causing said, printing means under control of said accumulator to print a negative balance as a true number, means for sensing the presence of a 9 in the highest order. after. entry of each number for ascertaining a negative balance condition in. said accumulatonmeans under control of said sensing. means and responsive to the presence of 9 asa result of an entry operation. which changes saidaccumulator from a positive balance condition .to. a negative balance condition, and means controlled by said responsivemeans upon detection. of. a negative balance to cause th automatic operation of. said total taking means and said conversion means for converting the negative balance amount totrue' digit representations and to cause 'saidprintingmeans under control of said accumulator to print the negative balance as a true number balance amount. i i

2. In an adding and subtracting accounting machine, an accumulator of the i type :having electrical transfer contactsand a reset digit position at all -9s and wherein a zero balance is indicated by all 9s and closure of'thetransfer contacts of all denominational orders when negative amounts equal the additive amounts numerically, printing means under control of said accumulator, means for converting the-" s in all denominational orders of "said'accumul'ator representing a zero balance to all 0's forprovin'g 

